Geomorphic controls on floodplain sediment and soil organic carbon storage in a Scottish mountain river     

Ward Swinnen  Teun Daniëls  Eline Maurer  Nils Broothaerts  Gert Verstraeten 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2020,45(1):207-223

River floodplains constitute an important element in the terrestrial sediment and organic carbon cycle and store variable amounts of carbon and sediment depending on a complex interplay of internal and external driving forces. Quantifying the storage in floodplains is crucial to understand their role in the sediment and carbon cascades. Unfortunately, quantitative data on floodplain storage are limited, especially at larger spatial scales. Rivers in the Scottish Highlands can provide a special case to study alluvial sediment and carbon dynamics because of the dominance of peatlands throughout the landscape, but the alluvial history of the region remains poorly understood. In this study, the floodplain sediment and soil organic carbon storage is quantified for the mountainous headwaters of the River Dee in eastern Scotland (663 km²), based on a coring dataset of 78 floodplain cross-sections. Whereas the mineral sediment storage is dominated by wandering gravel-bed river sections, most of the soil organic carbon storage can be found in anastomosing and meandering sections. The total storage for the Upper Dee catchment can be estimated at 5.2 Mt or 2306.5 Mg ha^-1 of mineral sediment and 0.7 Mt or 323.3 Mg C ha^-1 of soil organic carbon, which is in line with other studies on temperate river systems. Statistical analysis indicates that the storage is mostly related to the floodplain slope and the geomorphic floodplain type, which incorporates the characteristic stream power, channel morphology and the deposit type. Mapping of the geomorphic floodplain type using a simple classification scheme shows to be a powerful tool in studying the total storage and local variability of mineral sediment and soil organic carbon in floodplains. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Regional debris-flow and debris-flood frequency–magnitude relationships     

Matthias Jakob  Emily Mark  Scott McDougall  Pierre Friele  Carie-Ann Lau  Stephanie Bale 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2020,45(12):2954-2964

Construction of frequency–magnitude (F–M) relationships of debris floods and debris flows is challenging because of few direct observations, discontinuous event occurrence, loss of field evidence, the difficulty of accessing the sediment archive and the challenge of finding suitable statistical methods to analyse the dataset. Consultants often face budget limitations that prohibit application of the full gamut of absolute dating methods, stratigraphic analysis and analytical tools necessary to fully resolve the F–M legacy. In some cases, F–M curves are needed for watersheds without local information, or where obtaining this information is prohibitively expensive. For such watersheds, the F–M relationship may be estimated where several F–M curves have already been assembled in a specific region. Individual F–M curves are normalized by fan area or fan volume, then stratified by process type and geomorphic activity level. This paper describes the development of regional F–M curves for debris flows in southwestern British Columbia and debris flows and debris floods in the Bow River valley near Canmore, Alberta. We apply the regional relationships to other cases in Canada and the United States and demonstrate that the method can be globalized. The regional approach is compared to cases where detailed F–M relationships have been established by other means. Strong negative deviations from the regional debris-flow or debris-flood magnitude trends could signal inherent watershed stability, while strong positive deviations could signal extraordinary landslide processes, or suggest that the fan may be largely of paraglacial origin. We highlight some of these outlying cases and develop a method whereby the regional curves can be meaningfully adjusted, or reliance can be placed on lower or upper confidence bounds of the F–M curves. We caution against the indiscriminate use of the regionally based F–M curves, especially in watersheds where multiple geomorphic processes are active. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

金沙江流域水库消落带优势植物生态位及种间关系     

江维薇  肖宁  肖衡林 《湖泊科学》2023,35(1):236-246

近年来水库消落带植被恢复愈发引起关注,消落带植被在固岸护坡、水土保持和截污过滤等方面发挥着重要作用。然而金沙江流域作为我国最大的水电基地,由于地处偏远,现有研究较少,因而对其水库消落带适生植物及其种间关系尚未明确。通过结合生态位理论和种间关系分析方法,包括生态位测定、方差比率法、χ²检验、联结强度系数AC、种间关联指数OI、Pearson相关检验和Spearman秩相关检验等,揭示金沙江水库消落带优势植物的生态适应性、种间内在联系以及群落演替现状,并在此基础上,将优势植物划分了3种生态种组,为本区域消落带适生植物的筛选及其科学配置提供参考。结果表明：1)金沙江流域水库消落带共记录植物19科36属37种,频度≥20%的优势物种为狗牙根(Cynodon dactylon)、酸模叶蓼(Polygonum lapathifolium)、钻叶紫菀(Symphyotrichum subulatum)、牛筋草(Eleusine indica)、莲子草(Alternanthera sessilis)、苘麻(Abutilon theophrasti)、土荆芥(Chenopodium...  相似文献   

基于随机振动模型的强地面运动数值模拟及其在广西灵山M6(3/4)地震中的应用     

陈刚  李茂峰  李克华  唐勇  张清  马桂芳  申文豪  姜文亮 《中国地震》2023,39(4):832-844

1936年4月1日广西灵山县平山镇东南罗阳山附近发生M6(3/4)地震,该地震是华南大陆自有地震记载以来发生的最大地震。本研究收集整理了灵山M6(3/4)地震的地质资料、活动断层探测最新成果等,选取适当的研究区域,利用随机振动有限断层模型计算区域内网格点的峰值加速度(PGA)及峰值速度(PGV)等参数,并且加入浅层横波速度结构V_s³⁰对地震动参数的影响,最终得到此次地震的地震动分布并分析了地震动特征。本研究将模拟结果与野外调查烈度数据和地震动衰减关系进行对比,结果显示模拟结果与调查烈度值和衰减关系在整体衰减特征、极震区的分布等方面均符合较好,模拟结果可为该地区未来地震危害性评估提供依据。本研究所使用的方法流程亦可应用于本地区地震烈度速报,为震后应急救援及决策指挥提供帮助。  相似文献   

Detecting the flow relationships between deep and shallow aquifers in an exploited groundwater system,using long‐term monitoring data and quantitative hydrogeology: the Acque Albule basin case (Rome,Italy)     

Francesco La Vigna  Roberto Mazza  Giuseppe Capelli 《水文研究》2013,27(22):3159-3173

Five years of hydrogeological monitoring and field activities performed in the complex hydrogeological system of the Acque Albule basin (AAB) were conducted to define the hydrogeological setting, the relationship between deep and shallow aquifers and a conceptual groundwater flow model of this exploited area using conventional quantitative techniques. The basin, which is located close to Rome (Italy) on the west side of the Apennine chain and just north of the Colli Albani volcano, subsided after development of a north–south fault system (about 115 000 y bp). The AAB experiences intense hydrothermal activity, which has produced a large travertine deposit (80‐m thick). The travertine deposit constitutes a fractured aquifer that is the final destination of more than 5 m³ s^‐1 of water and is strongly dewatered by quarry activities. The complex hydrogeology of this basin was investigated, revealing two main hydraulically connected aquifers, one thermalised and partly confined into the limestone bedrock and one unconfined in the travertine. The two aquifers are separated by a non‐continuous clayey aquiclude. The hydrogeological survey and geological characterisation contributed to the development of the groundwater flow conceptual model. Analysis and comparison of the monitored levels highlighted the pattern of flow between the deep and shallow parts of the flow system. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

生态系统服务权衡与协同视角下的重点生态功能区保护特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

祝汉收  翟俊  侯鹏  王桥  陈妍  金点点  王永财 《地理学报》2022,77(5):1275-1288

重点生态功能区提供着源源不断的生态系统服务,在保障国家生态安全和社会可持续发展方面,有着不可或缺的基础作用。但是,以生态系统服务权衡与协同关系为视角,进而探讨分析重点生态功能区保护特征的研究案例相对较少。本文以秦巴重点生态功能区为评估分析区域,选择自然地理条件相似度极高的秦巴山区为参照单元,以生态系统供给服务与调节服务为核心内容,在定量分析2000—2019年期间的生态空间变化特征基础上,分析评估生态系统服务权衡与协同关系。结果表明：秦巴山区生态状况逐渐变好,重点生态功能区划定之后,生态系统趋于稳定;重点生态功能区服务能力呈逐渐增强的趋势,平均净初级生产力、土壤保持总量和水源涵养总量比重点生态功能区外分别高出了25.95 gC/m²、5.81亿t和24.95亿m³;土壤保持服务和生态系统供给服务的协同关系与生态状况改善呈正相关;由于受到降水的影响,2010年之后的水源涵养服务与生态系统供给服务的协同关系变差。总体来看,秦巴重点生态功能区的划定带动了区域生态空间“量的增长”和生态系统服务“质的提升”,但生态系统服务之间关系的“协调性”仍然不足,甚至从“协同”转为“权衡”关系,这要求未来国家需要制定更有针对性的生态系统保护管理决策,提高生态系统总体效益,支撑区域生态系统服务的可持续供给。  相似文献   

基于生态-经济权衡的京津冀城市群土地利用优化配置   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5  

马冰滢  黄姣  李双成 《地理科学进展》2019,38(1):26-37

探索生态保护与经济发展的权衡关系,并利用该权衡关系协调土地利用优化配置是解决城市群经济与生态协调发展难题的重要途径,已成为目前的一个研究热点。论文针对京津冀城市群生态友好型协同发展的需求,设置生态系统服务价值最大化和经济价值最大化2种优化目标,每种目标下再设置“生态保护”“统筹兼顾”“粮食安全”和“经济发展”4种土地利用情景,采用CLUE-S模型模拟2025年京津冀城市群在不同情景下的土地利用空间配置格局,及其生态系统服务价值、经济价值在不同目标的各种情景下的变化。研究结果表明：相比2015年,2025年在不同目标不同情景下,各类土地利用面积的数量变化和空间格局均有较大不同,且生态目标和经济目标下不同情景的土地利用配置不同。生态系统服务价值在生态目标生态保护情景下最大,为14423.58亿元;而经济价值则在经济目标经济发展情景下最大,为96771.49亿元。从土地利用变化的空间分布上来看,生态用地中林地与草地的增加多出现在坝上高原和燕山与太行山山地,水体的增加则主要分布在东部沿海地区。研究认为,生态效益与经济效益间存在权衡关系,基于生态-经济权衡的土地利用优化研究结果对未来京津冀城市群生态实践工作有较大的参考价值。  相似文献